数字相机在类似棋盘检校场中的检校方法研究     

张阳阳  门林杰  周桂初  杨娟 《测绘工程》2015,(2):55-59,64

针对众多非量测单相机的检校方法,通过分析数码相机的误差来源,并考虑相机的内、外方位元素和物镜光学畸变等因素引起的误差,提出一种基于类似棋盘检校场的数字相机检校方法。利用共线方程和二维DLT之间的关系导出了由二维DLT的9个参数表达的主纵线方程,构建同形矩阵,通过不同摄站拍摄目标的多幅影像,求得内、外方位元素的初始值,并由多张影像的空间后方交会求出相机需要检校参数,再由假设检验来检验相机系统参数的显著性。经实例分析表明,利用改进后的方法求解参数的精度满足实际需求,且效率更高。  相似文献   

基于马尔科夫链的北斗行驶记录仪数据存储算法研究     

陈石平  马利滨  徐伟强 《全球定位系统》2015,(3)

介绍了北斗行驶记录仪的组成和功能,对定时1 s和定时60 s报送或存储进行了对比和优劣分析,根据道路匹配特性,给出了一种基于马尔科夫链的北斗行驶记录仪数据存储算法,将马尔科夫链上的节点（拐点）作为记录仪存储或传输的位置点,通过采集车辆状态信息和定位模块输出信息对“拐点”计算方法进行分析和推导,并通过多次实际跑车测试,测试结果表明：与定时1 s报送或存储相比,节省率可达到90％以上,大大节省了存储空间或者通信费用,具有较好的使用效果。  相似文献   

中国省域离婚率的时空格局及趋同演变研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

白彩全  陈昶  丁一帆  吴启焰 《测绘科学》2015,(11):48-53

针对现有离婚率研究时间、空间割裂,整体性探讨不足及实证研究缺乏的问题,该文运用空间自相关、空间马尔可夫链等空间统计方法对中国大陆各省域1979—2012年离婚率数据的时空分布及趋同演变进行了研究,结果发现:除东北、西北地区离婚率一直居高不下之外,中国大陆高离婚率地区逐步向中部延伸并聚集,离婚率存在着较强的空间自相关且空间聚集现象明显;省域离婚率的"两极分化"现象和"俱乐部趋同"现象均经历了由弱到强再减弱的波动变化趋势。  相似文献   

National policy and SMEs in technology transfer: the case of Israel     

Aliza Belman Inbal  Asaf Tzachor 《Climate Policy》2015,15(1):88-102

Increasing the rate of climate technology transfer is a critical concern. The international community facilitates the development and deployment of climate technologies for the needs of the South in two primary ways: first, through the use of multilateral frameworks for technology transfer and, second, through in-country capacity building for research, development, and deployment in developing countries. However, scant attention is given to whether national-level frameworks in industrialized countries can support technology transfer. This issue may be of particular relevance to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developed countries, due to their relative lack of experience in international markets. The barriers that prevent SMEs from developing and exporting more technologies to the South are identified, by using Israel as a case study. Although Israel is an important global source of climate technology innovation, it currently does not engage much with the developing world. Four principle barriers to greater involvement of OECD SMEs in technology transfer for climate mitigation in developing countries are: (1) lack of knowledge of market needs in developing economies, (2) lack of financial mechanisms to support R&D, (3) lack of opportunities for partnership building, and (4) lack of support for demonstration sites in developing countries.  相似文献   

Innovation for sustainable energy from a pro-poor perspective     

Letha Tawney  Mackay Miller  Morgan Bazilian 《Climate Policy》2015,15(1):146-162

The development and transfer of clean energy technologies to achieve universal energy access is challenging due to the inherent complexities of the energy sector, and the energy governance and financial systems in developing economies. Innovation is an essential part of successfully addressing these difficulties. Duplicating the energy infrastructure models of developed countries will not be sufficient to meet the needs of poor consumers. To the extent that innovation can accelerate energy access, it is important to understand the specific types of innovations that are necessary and how they might be facilitated. The general features of existing international clean energy innovation systems, which are predominantly driven by the markets and emissions reduction mechanisms of developed and rapidly growing emerging economies, are reviewed and the alignment of these systems to the innovation processes required to extend energy access globally is evaluated. Drawing on the innovation policy literature, the attributes of effective international and domestic energy innovation systems that are pro-poor and the associated policy approaches are identified.  相似文献   

Intellectual property rights and the transfer of climate change technologies: issues,challenges, and way forward     

Ahmed Abdel-Latif 《Climate Policy》2015,15(1):103-126

The role of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in the development and transfer of climate change technologies has been a contentious issue in negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Irreconcilable differences seem to oppose those who believe IPRs are an inherent barrier to the transfer of climate change technologies and those who argue they are an essential incentive to innovation. After providing an overview of the polarized debate on this issue, this article reviews the existing literature and empirical evidence and looks into some practical initiatives and recent developments. Finally, it seeks to identify a way forward that could help overcome the current stalemate in international deliberations by suggesting a number of parameters to structure the discussion on this complex issue.  相似文献   

基于Landsat TM影像不同地表温度反演算法的比较     

刘冰  包国涛  彭凯  石孟  何环蕾 《地理信息世界》2015,(3)

地表温度是反映地表环境的一个重要参数,精确获取地表温度的方法对研究城市热岛效应、进行生态环境监测评价是必不可少的。利用遥感手段进行地表温度的反演是一种较新颖的方法,相对成熟的反演算法主要有单通道算法、辐射传输方程法及单窗算法。本文以山东省威海市Landsat TM数据为例,分别利用辐射传输方程法和单窗算法进行地表温度反演,通过遥感目视解译的方法提取研究区各类典型地物对应的地表温度,进行统计分析,结果表明,两者反演得到的地表温度具有一致的变化趋势,其中单窗算法中不同典型地物的地表温度整体标准差较小,如建设用地为0.530,起伏波动小,算法精度略优于辐射传输方程法。  相似文献   

Prediction of the dynamic response of a slender marine structure under an irregular ocean wave using the NARX-based quadratic Volterra series     

《Applied Ocean Research》2015

The time series of the dynamic response of a slender marine structure was predicted in approximate sense using a truncated quadratic Volterra series. The wave-structure interaction system was identified using the NARX (Nonlinear Autoregressive with Exogenous Input) technique, and the network parameters were determined through supervised training using prepared datasets. The dataset used for network training was obtained by nonlinear finite element analysis of the slender marine structure under random ocean waves of white noise. The nonlinearities involved in the analysis were both large deformation of the structure under consideration and the quadratic term of the relative velocity between the water particle and structure in the Morison formula. The linear and quadratic frequency response functions of the given system were extracted using the multi-tone harmonic probing method and the time series of the response of the structure was predicted using the quadratic Volterra series. To check the applicability of the method, the response of a slender marine structure under a realistic ocean wave environment with a given significant wave height and modal period was predicted and compared with the nonlinear time domain simulation results. The predicted time series of the response of structure with quadratic Volterra series successfully captured the slowly varying response with reasonably good accuracy. This method can be used to predict the response of the slender offshore structure exposed to a Morison type load without relying on the computationally expensive time domain analysis, especially for screening purposes.  相似文献   

高斯曲线优化能见度与气溶胶光学厚度转换模型   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

余娟  龚威  朱忠敏 《遥感学报》2011,15(5):1008-1023

大气气溶胶是影响对地观测定量精度的最主要不确定性因素。随着定量遥感的发展,对气溶胶光学厚度数据的精度提出了更高要求。在广泛应用的基于辐射传输模型大气校正研究中,需要输入气溶胶光学厚度等关键参数,但与对地观测影像数据同时相的气溶胶光学厚度获取较难,而水平能见度作为表征气溶胶光学特性的间接参数可通过广泛分布的气象台站获得,可将能见度转换得到的气溶胶光学厚度数据作为同时相数据输入传输模型进行大气校正计算。本文以实测的能见度和气溶胶光学厚度数据为基础,通过拟合气溶胶标高其随时间的变化对Peterson模型进行了修正。对修正后的模型进行精度验证得到RMSE为0.254,结果表明优化的模型对精度有较大提升。  相似文献   

基于极化相干矩阵的河流水质污染监测初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈炯  贾海峰  杨健  陈玉荣 《遥感学报》2011,15(5):1065-1078

利用遥感手段监测水质污染具有监测范围广、实时性强的优点。本研究选择中国南方地区水质变化明显的河流区域作为研究对象,利用C波段星载极化合成孔径雷达(极化SAR)卫星RADARSAT-2提供的数据,对基于极化SAR的河流水质污染监测技术进行了初步研究。首先介绍了电磁波的极化现象以及极化SAR的基本原理;其次结合一次同步测量实验,提取河流区域,并对极化SAR数据与水质常见监测指标的监测数据进行对比分析,通过对10个采样点18组数据的分析发现,极化相干矩阵中的T 22元素与部分水质指标(如五日生化需氧量BOD₅等)具有较强的相关性,从而反映水质的污染状况;并通过实测数据和最小二乘法,拟合得到了利用[T]矩阵元素反演BOD₅的经验公式,拟合系数达到0.82。最后通过对地表散射模型和菲涅尔系数的分析,从理论上探讨了极化相干矩阵中部分元素与水体物理性质存在相关性的原因。初步理论分析和实验数据表明,T 22元素能够反映水体的污染状况。  相似文献